Space mission · United States

What was ESA's 2005 estimate for the ISS programme, including assembly and ten years of operations?

The International Space Station was assembled and operated by agencies in the United States, Europe, Russia, Japan and Canada. ESA's 2005 estimate of €100 billion covers development, assembly and a defined period of operations across the partner programme; it is not a construction-only or present-day total.

Published project estimate

€100 billion

Approximately $124.41 billion

Cost basis: 2005

The station pictured from the SpaceX Crew Dragon jsc2021e064211_alt (Dec. 8, 2021) --- This mosaic depicts the International Space Station pictured from the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour during a fly around of the orbiting lab that took place following its undocking from the Harmony module’s space-facing port on Nov. 8, 2021.
NASAPublic domain

Cost evidence

Basis of the published figure

Published project estimate2005
esa.int

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