How much did Marmaray Tunnel cost to build?
Marmaray is the Istanbul rail project with an immersed tube tunnel under the Bosphorus connecting Europe and Asia, built by the Infrastructure Investments General Directorate of the Turkish Ministry of Transport. The European Investment Bank's project completion review says the total project cost, as estimated by the promoter, is 4,039.63 million euros, covering earth works, structures, tunnels, track works, stations, electrification, signalling, rolling stock, design and supervision, land acquisition, contingencies, variation orders and claims, about 7.8 percent above the bank's appraisal estimate of 2013.
Final project cost
€4.0396 billion
Approximately $4.78 billion
Cost basis: 2021
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Cost evidence
Basis of the published figure
Final project cost2021